# A newb question...why's the destructor called right after initialization

**URL:** <https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692>\
**Category:** SDL Development\
**Created:** [December 30, 2004, 3:13am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692 "2004-12-30T03:13:30Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 11\
**Page:** 1

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Austin\_W\_Dunham\_V](https://discourse.libsdl.org/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/a/dbc845/32.png) [@Austin\_W\_Dunham\_V](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/Austin_W_Dunham_V)\
**Post date:** [December 30, 2004, 3:13am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/1 "2004-12-30T03:13:30Z")

</div>

I’m still a new developer, and was doing some things with SDL in C, but  
decided that C++ had some advantages over C. So I’ve been trying to get  
this little snippet of code to do something, and have run into a  
problem.  
TrueMobile is a class. I create an instance of it called background,  
and an SDL\_Surface \* gets initialized when I do so. It’s dimensions are  
640x480.  
What I can’t understand is why background’s destructor is called as  
soon as it’s initialized. It makes using the class…troublesome at  
best. I suppose I could go ahead and write a function outside the  
constructor that initializes the surface, but it seems that avoids the  
purpose of using a constructor in the first place.  
Any ideas?

```
Thanks,
Austin

```

**_SOURCE_** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

#ifndef ODDSOFT\_ORG\_SDL  
#define ODDSOFT\_ORG\_SDL  
#include\<SDL/SDL.h\>  
#endif

#ifndef ODDSOFT\_ORG\_ORIENTATION  
#define ODDSOFT\_ORG\_ORIENTATION  
#include"include/orientation.h"  
#endif

#ifndef ODDSOFT\_ORG\_TRUE\_IMOBILE  
#define ODDSOFT\_ORG\_TRUE\_IMOBILE  
#include “include/TrueImobile.h”  
#endif

#ifndef ODDSOFT\_ORG\_IOSTREAM  
#define ODDSOFT\_ORG\_IOSTREAM  
#include   
#endif

using namespace toehead;

int main()  
{  
atexit(SDL\_Quit);

```
static SDL_Surface *screen;

if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO != 0))
{
	std::cout << "Unable to init video: " << SDL_GetError() << "\n";
	return 1;
}

screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(640, 480, 16, SDL_DOUBLEBUF |

```

SDL\_FULLSCREEN);  
if(screen == NULL)  
{  
std::cout \<\< "Unable to set video mode: " \<\< SDL\_GetError() \<\< “\n”;  
return 1;  
}

```
TrueImobile background("bmp/BackGround.bmp");
std::cout << "Before background is used.\n";

background.drawSprite(screen);
std::cout << "After background is used.\n";

SDL_FreeSurface(screen);

return 0;

```

}

**_OUTPUT_** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

frame-\>w = 640 frame-\>h = 480 // From Constructor  
Destructor! // From Destructor  
Before background is used. // From main  
src.x = 0 src.y = 0 // From drawSprite  
src.w = 59428 src.h = 0 // From drawSprite

dest.x = 0 dest.y = 0 // From drawSprite  
dest.h = 480 dest.w = 640 // From drawSprite

Now frame-\>w = 4384804 // From drawSprite  
Now frame-\>h = -1014956032 // From drawSprite  
After background is used. // From main  
Destructor! // Destructor

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Bruno\_Martinez](https://discourse.libsdl.org/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/b/eb9ed0/32.png) [@Bruno\_Martinez](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/Bruno_Martinez)\
**Post date:** [December 30, 2004, 3:24am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/2 "2004-12-30T03:24:10Z")

</div>

Hi.

There’s little we can do without seeing the code of TrueImobile. My guess  
is that the object is copied, which causes a SDL\_Surface\* to get shared  
between two instances. The first object to get destroyed destroys in turn  
the surface. You have to forbid copying of TrueImobile and use raw or  
smart pointers to manage objects of the class.

HTH,  
BrunoOn Wed, 29 Dec 2004 22:13:30 -0500, Austin W. Dunham V wrote:

> I’m still a new developer, and was doing some things with SDL in C, but  
> decided that C++ had some advantages over C. So I’ve been trying to get  
> this little snippet of code to do something, and have run into a  
> problem.  
> TrueMobile is a class. I create an instance of it called background,  
> and an SDL\_Surface \* gets initialized when I do so. It’s dimensions are  
> 640x480.  
> What I can’t understand is why background’s destructor is called as  
> soon as it’s initialized. It makes using the class…troublesome at  
> best. I suppose I could go ahead and write a function outside the  
> constructor that initializes the surface, but it seems that avoids the  
> purpose of using a constructor in the first place.  
> Any ideas?
> 
> Thanks,  
> Austin

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Drake\_Wilson](https://discourse.libsdl.org/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/d/8e7dd6/32.png) [@Drake\_Wilson](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/Drake_Wilson)\
**Post date:** [December 30, 2004, 3:28am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/3 "2004-12-30T03:28:48Z")

</div>

First of all, a couple of other things…

Quoth “Austin W. Dunham V” , on 2004-12-29 22:13:30 -0500:

> #ifndef ODDSOFT\_ORG\_SDL  
> #define ODDSOFT\_ORG\_SDL  
> #include\<SDL/SDL.h\>  
> #endif

The portable way to do this is \<\< #include “SDL.h” \>\>.

> int main()

Last I recall, SDL’s main() renaming hack sometimes required that main  
be declared as \<\< int main(int argc, char \*argv) \>\>.

> static SDL\_Surface \*screen;

Why is this static?

> if(SDL\_Init(SDL\_INIT\_VIDEO != 0))

Do you mean \<\< if (SDL\_Init(SDL\_INIT\_VIDEO) != 0) \>\>?

> SDL\_FreeSurface(screen);

Don’t free the main video surface. See the SDL\_SetVideoMode  
documentation.

As for your original question, it may be helpful to see the source of  
TrueImobile. Also, which compiler and operating system are in use  
here?

—\> Drake Wilson

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![David\_Olofson](https://discourse.libsdl.org/user_avatar/discourse.libsdl.org/david_olofson/32/115_2.png) [@David\_Olofson](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/David_Olofson)\
**Post date:** [December 30, 2004, 3:39am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/4 "2004-12-30T03:39:57Z")

</div>

[…]

> TrueImobile background(“bmp/BackGround.bmp”);  
> std::cout \<\< “Before background is used.\n”;
> 
> background.drawSprite(screen);  
> std::cout \<\< “After background is used.\n”;
> 
> SDL\_FreeSurface(screen);
> 
> return 0;  
> }  
> […]

I don’t see what the problem is… You create ‘background’; a local  
(stack) instance of class TrueImobile. Then you use it, and finally  
the main() function ends, and ‘background’ is destroyed as a result  
of going out of scope.

Seems to be working just fine, that is, so I assume you weren’t aware  
that C++ actually creates _instances_ (not pointers) if you tell it  
to - even on the stack. 🙂

(Object Pascal does not, for example. It always creates pointers,  
resulting in a syntax inconcistency that I find rather annoying and  
confusing. C and C++ just do what you say, whereas Object Pascal does  
what the designers (think) you mean… _hehe_)

Oh, and _never_ free SDL’s display surface! (I’m surprised if you  
don’t get a segfault when atexit() calls SDL\_Quit() after that one.)

As to atexit(), it should do the trick, but I personally prefer to be  
concistent and stick with explicit cleanup code in languages with  
manual memory management. 🙂 (And it’s been suggested that atexit()  
isn’t all that reliable anyway…)

//David Olofson - Programmer, Composer, Open Source Advocate

.- Audiality -----------------------------------------------.  
| Free/Open Source audio engine for games and multimedia. |  
| MIDI, modular synthesis, real time effects, scripting,… |  
`-----------------------------------\> [http://audiality.org](http://audiality.org) -’  
— [http://olofson.net](http://olofson.net) — [http://www.reologica.se](http://www.reologica.se) —On Thursday 30 December 2004 04.13, Austin W. Dunham V wrote:

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Austin\_W\_Dunham\_V](https://discourse.libsdl.org/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/a/dbc845/32.png) [@Austin\_W\_Dunham\_V](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/Austin_W_Dunham_V)\
**Post date:** [December 30, 2004, 3:43am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/5 "2004-12-30T03:43:50Z")

</div>

For a fist attempt at doing something with C++ for years, I got a  
little ambitious. I’ll probably start over making this much simpler to  
start with, but here it is: TrueImobile is included below.  
One of my main goals was creating a Sprite that would pretty much keep  
track of itself. There’s MasterSprite, an abstract class with the bare  
minimum of information, and a couple subclasses for immobile and mobile  
classes to build on top of.  
Most of the work is done in the constructor, with drawSprite blitting  
frame to whatever surface you tell it to.  
What’s odd is that background’s destructor, in main, is called before I  
can even call background.drawSprite()…

```
    TrueImobile background("bmp/BackGround.bmp");
    std::cout << "Before background is used.\n";

The destructor get's called between the line that initializes

```

background and printing the before line…

```
I've made up a mock couple of classes, and it's not exhibiting the same

```

behavior. I’ll let you know if I find the mistake myself.

```
Thanks again,
Austin

```

// TrueImobile.h

/\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

- The Imobile Class for non moving sprites.
- 

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*/

#ifndef ODDSOFT\_ORG\_SDL  
#define ODDSOFT\_ORG\_SDL  
#include \<SDL/SDL.h\>  
#endif

#ifndef ODDSOFT\_ORG\_ORIENTATION  
#define ODDSOFT\_ORG\_ORIENTATION  
#include “orientation.h”  
#endif

#ifndef ODDSOFT\_ORG\_IMOBILE  
#include “Imobile.h”  
#define ODDSOFT\_ORG\_IMOBILE  
#endif

namespace toehead  
{

class TrueImobile : public Imobile  
{

/\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*  
\*

- These are the members from the parent class.

protected:  
int x, y; // Position of upper left corner.  
int w, h; // Width and height of the sprite.  
int curr\_orientation;  
int vissible; // Is sprite vissible  
SDL\_Surface \*frame; // Actual frame.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*/

public:

```
void setPosition(int x, int y);
void setHeightWidth(int w, int h);
void setVissible(bool);
void setFrame(SDL_Surface *frame);
void setOrientation(int orientation);

int * getPosition();
int * getHeightWidth();
int getCurrOrientation();
bool getVissible();
SDL_Surface * getFrame();

void drawSprite(SDL_Surface *destination_surface);

TrueImobile();

TrueImobile(SDL_Surface *init_frame);

TrueImobile(char *load_file);

~TrueImobile();

```

};

}

* * *

// TrueImobile.cpp

#ifndef ODDSOFT\_ORG\_TRUE\_IMOBILE  
#define ODDSOFT\_ORG\_TRUE\_IMOBILE  
#include “include/TrueImobile.h”  
#endif

#ifndef ODDSOFT\_ORG\_IOSTREAM  
#define ODDSOFT\_ORG\_STDIO  
#include   
#endif

#define TI TrueImobile

using namespace toehead;

void TI::setPosition(int setX, int setY)  
{  
}

void TI::setHeightWidth(int setW, int setH)  
{  
}

void TI::setVissible(bool setV)  
{  
}

int \* TI::getPosition()  
{  
int \*rtrn;  
return rtrn;  
}

int \* TI::getHeightWidth()  
{  
int \*rtrn;  
return rtrn;  
}

bool TI::getVissible()  
{  
return true;  
}

SDL\_Surface \* TI::getFrame()  
{  
return frame;  
}

void TI::setFrame(SDL\_Surface \*new\_frame)  
{  
frame = new\_frame;  
}

void TI::drawSprite(SDL\_Surface \*destination\_surface)  
{  
src.x = src.y = 0;  
src.h = frame-\>h;  
src.w = frame-\>w;  
dest.x = dest.y = 0;  
dest.h = destination\_surface-\>h;  
dest.w = destination\_surface-\>w;

```
std::cout << "src.x = " << src.x << " src.y = " << src.y << "\nsrc.w =

```

" \<\< src.w \<\< " src.h = " \<\< src.h \<\< “\n\n”;  
std::cout \<\< “dest.x = " \<\< dest.x \<\< " dest.y = " \<\< dest.y \<\<  
”\ndest.h = " \<\< dest.h \<\< " dest.w = " \<\< dest.w \<\< “\n”;

```
std::cout << "\n\n\nNow frame->w = " << frame->w << "\nNow frame->h = "

```

\<\< frame-\>h \<\< “\n”;

```
SDL_BlitSurface(frame, &src, destination_surface, &dest);
SDL_Delay(3000);

```

}

TI::TrueImobile()  
{  
}

TI::TrueImobile(SDL\_Surface \*init\_frame)  
{  
SDL\_Surface \*temp;  
temp=init\_frame;  
frame = SDL\_DisplayFormat(temp);  
SDL\_FreeSurface(temp);

```
if(frame == NULL)
{
	std::cout << "Unable to load frame: " << SDL_GetError() << "\n";
}

std::cout << "frame->w = " << frame->w << " frame->h = " << frame->h <<

```

“\n”;  
}

TI::TrueImobile(char \*load\_file)  
{  
TrueImobile( (SDL\_Surface \*)SDL\_LoadBMP(load\_file) );  
}

TI::~TrueImobile()  
{  
std::cout \<\< “Destructor!\n”;  
}

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![David\_Olofson](https://discourse.libsdl.org/user_avatar/discourse.libsdl.org/david_olofson/32/115_2.png) [@David\_Olofson](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/David_Olofson)\
**Post date:** [December 30, 2004, 3:45am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/6 "2004-12-30T03:45:50Z")

</div>

Sorry, missed the most critical detail! 😃

[…]

> frame-\>w = 640 frame-\>h = 480 // From Constructor

> Destructor! // From Destructor

So _that’s_ the instant destructor call…

My first though: Why is there only one message from the constructor,  
when there are two messages from the destructor?

As others have pointed out, we need to see the source of TrueImobile  
(the constructor, at least) to figure out what’s going on here.

[…]

> Destructor! // Destructor

//David Olofson - Programmer, Composer, Open Source Advocate

.- Audiality -----------------------------------------------.  
| Free/Open Source audio engine for games and multimedia. |  
| MIDI, modular synthesis, real time effects, scripting,… |  
`-----------------------------------\> [http://audiality.org](http://audiality.org) -’  
— [http://olofson.net](http://olofson.net) — [http://www.reologica.se](http://www.reologica.se) —On Thursday 30 December 2004 04.13, Austin W. Dunham V wrote:

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Bruno\_Martinez](https://discourse.libsdl.org/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/b/eb9ed0/32.png) [@Bruno\_Martinez](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/Bruno_Martinez)\
**Post date:** [December 30, 2004, 3:51am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/7 "2004-12-30T03:51:01Z")

</div>

> TI::TrueImobile(SDL\_Surface \*init\_frame)  
> {  
> SDL\_Surface \*temp;  
> temp=init\_frame;  
> frame = SDL\_DisplayFormat(temp);  
> SDL\_FreeSurface(temp);
> 
> if(frame == NULL)  
> {  
> std::cout \<\< "Unable to load frame: " \<\< SDL\_GetError() \<\< “\n”;  
> }
> 
> std::cout \<\< "frame-\>w = " \<\< frame-\>w \<\< " frame-\>h = " \<\< frame-\>h \<\<  
> “\n”;  
> }
> 
> TI::TrueImobile(char \*load\_file)  
> {  
> TrueImobile( (SDL\_Surface \*)SDL\_LoadBMP(load\_file) );  
> }

This is the problem. In C++, on e constructor can’t call another. What  
you are doing is constructing a second TrueImobile. What you want to do  
can be done moving the code of the TrueImobile(SDL\_Surface \*init\_frame) to  
a private init() method and calling it from both constructors.

Bruno

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![David\_Olofson](https://discourse.libsdl.org/user_avatar/discourse.libsdl.org/david_olofson/32/115_2.png) [@David\_Olofson](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/David_Olofson)\
**Post date:** [December 30, 2004, 3:55am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/8 "2004-12-30T03:55:23Z")

</div>

[…]

> TI::TrueImobile(SDL\_Surface \*init\_frame)  
> {  
> SDL\_Surface \*temp;  
> temp=init\_frame;  
> frame = SDL\_DisplayFormat(temp);  
> SDL\_FreeSurface(temp);
> 
> if(frame == NULL)  
> {  
> std::cout \<\< "Unable to load frame: " \<\< SDL\_GetError() \<\< “\n”;  
> }
> 
> std::cout \<\< "frame-\>w = " \<\< frame-\>w \<\< " frame-\>h = " \<\<  
> frame-\>h \<\< “\n”;  
> }
> 
> TI::TrueImobile(char \*load\_file)  
> {  
> TrueImobile( (SDL\_Surface \*)SDL\_LoadBMP(load\_file) );  
> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

There it is! 🙂 This constructor creates a temporary instance using  
the other constructor, and then that instance is instantly thrown  
away - and _this_ instance is actually left uninitialized at that…

//David Olofson - Programmer, Composer, Open Source Advocate

.- Audiality -----------------------------------------------.  
| Free/Open Source audio engine for games and multimedia. |  
| MIDI, modular synthesis, real time effects, scripting,… |  
`-----------------------------------\> [http://audiality.org](http://audiality.org) -’  
— [http://olofson.net](http://olofson.net) — [http://www.reologica.se](http://www.reologica.se) —On Thursday 30 December 2004 04.43, Austin W. Dunham V wrote:

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Austin\_W\_Dunham\_V](https://discourse.libsdl.org/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/a/dbc845/32.png) [@Austin\_W\_Dunham\_V](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/Austin_W_Dunham_V)\
**Post date:** [December 30, 2004, 3:59am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/9 "2004-12-30T03:59:20Z")

</div>

Bruno,  
Thanks for your input. I’ll fix that, and a few other things mentioned  
to me, and all should be good.

```
AustinOn Wed, 2004-12-29 at 22:51, Bruno Mart?nez Aguerre wrote:

```

> > TI::TrueImobile(SDL\_Surface \*init\_frame)  
> > {  
> > SDL\_Surface \*temp;  
> > temp=init\_frame;  
> > frame = SDL\_DisplayFormat(temp);  
> > SDL\_FreeSurface(temp);
> > 
> > ```
> > if(frame == NULL)
> > {
> > std::cout << "Unable to load frame: " << SDL_GetError() << "\n";
> > }
> > 
> > std::cout << "frame->w = " << frame->w << " frame->h = " << frame->h <<
> > 
> > ```
> > 
> > “\n”;  
> > }
> > 
> > TI::TrueImobile(char \*load\_file)  
> > {  
> > TrueImobile( (SDL\_Surface \*)SDL\_LoadBMP(load\_file) );  
> > }
> 
> This is the problem. In C++, on e constructor can’t call another. What  
> you are doing is constructing a second TrueImobile. What you want to do  
> can be done moving the code of the TrueImobile(SDL\_Surface \*init\_frame) to  
> a private init() method and calling it from both constructors.
> 
> Bruno
> 
> * * *
> 
> SDL mailing list  
> SDL at [libsdl.org](http://libsdl.org)  
> [http://www.libsdl.org/mailman/listinfo/sdl](http://www.libsdl.org/mailman/listinfo/sdl)

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Austin\_W\_Dunham\_V](https://discourse.libsdl.org/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/a/dbc845/32.png) [@Austin\_W\_Dunham\_V](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/Austin_W_Dunham_V)\
**Post date:** [December 30, 2004, 6:51am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/10 "2004-12-30T06:51:27Z")

</div>

All,  
It works now! Thanks one and all for your responses, they were spot  
on.

```
Austin
```

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Chris\_E](https://discourse.libsdl.org/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/c/8e8cbc/32.png) [@Chris\_E](https://discourse.libsdl.org/u/Chris_E)\
**Post date:** [December 31, 2004, 11:24am UTC](https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/a-newb-question-whys-the-destructor-called-right-after-initialization/11692/11 "2004-12-31T11:24:58Z")

</div>

David Olofson wrote:

> Oh, and _never_ free SDL’s display surface! (I’m surprised if you  
> don’t get a segfault when atexit() calls SDL\_Quit() after that one.)

There’s a very simple reason why you don’t get a segfault - right at the start of SDL\_FreeSurface:

```
if ((surface == NULL) ||
    (current_video &&
    ((surface == SDL_ShadowSurface)||(surface == SDL_VideoSurface)))) {
	return;
}

```

This doesn’t make it a good idea to free the display surface, but it does mean that you don’t have to work to avoid it.

Chris E.  
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