Normally you don’t have to compile SDL2 for using it. many distributions have a SDL2 library in their repositories.
What’s your initialisation code?
Does the lazyfoo code work with your setup?
What does the gdb backtrace (‘bt’) tell you? (that will also help you understand the why)
Single stepping is also useful (sometimes)
Side note: Beginner and graphical game devolpment -> not a easy start
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void (*segfault)(void) = 0;
int main(int argc, char **argv){segfault(); return 0;}
//Should not work, but does what told 